Satellite communication is widely used for large area and remote area coverages. The basic operation of satellites as a communication platform is to receive the transmitted signal from ground station (could be any device located on the surface), then further amplify that signal and transmit it back to the surface or to space. Satellites operate earth at multiple orbits. The more commonly known orbits are Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Most widely used bands for direct or backhaul connectivity are C-band, Ku-band and Ka-band with different uplink and downlink capacities.

Satellite communication-

The rapid rise of technology and innovation from industry 4.0 and utilization of IoT deices has led to an increase in demand for wireless communication platforms. This is where satellites come in to support the demand for this expanding network of IoT devices. The advantage of satellites over terrestrial communication is their greater coverage, precise satellite to satellite communication and higher available bandwidths. However, launching a satellite is very expensive at the moment and there is larger propagation delays and path loss.